Intersex

Intersex is a term for those born with physical sex characteristics that cannot be traditionally classified as male or female. Variations may appear in a person’s chromosomes, natural hormones, genitalia, or gonads, secondary sex characteristics, or some combination of these things. Intersexuality is observed in many animals including humans. According to the ISNA it is estimated that as many as 1.7% of people are born with intersex traits, however this may be an incorrect estimate, as many individuals are unknowingly intersex due to the fact that external genitalia is the only sex characteristic noticed at birth (in most cases).

The intersex flag

The most common intersex symbol. Unicode: U+263F ☿

An alternate intersex symbol. Unicode: U+1F728 ⴲ

Intersex does not describe a specific body type but rather is an umbrella term for a broad range of conditions. Some intersex individuals may closely resemble one of the binary sexes, while others are closer to in between. An intersex person may have characteristics of both the male and female sexes, characteristics that fall somewhere in between male or female, or characteristics that don't fall into either.

Intersex individuals may have any gender identity, including male, female, and non-binary. They may identify as cisgender or transgender, or possibly another gender modality such as ipsogender or ultergender. Intersex people can have any assigned gender at birth, some may be AMAB or AFAB because their condition of intersex was not noticed at birth. Others may be corrosively assigned male/female at birth (CAMAB/CAFAB), meaning they had nonconsensual surgery preformed on them so their body more closely fits one of the binary sexes. In some rare cases they are AXAB. Each intersex person has a unique relationship to their gender, assigned gender at birth, the gender they were raised as, and how that relates to their experience being intersex. Intersex is included in the LGBT+ community, though not all intersex people consider themself to be LGBT+ on the basis on being intersex. This is largely a personal choice based on how one's status as intersex has (or hasn't) affected their experiences.

Someone who is not intersex is called dyadic or perisex. Intersex is not an identity, but is something one is born as. Some intersex traits are identified at birth, while others may not be discovered until puberty or later in life (although, the variation was always present, just unnoticed). One cannot "transition to intersex". Dyadic people who desire mixed sex traits may identify as altersex.

Issues & Activism

Many individuals, including medical figures, try to justify non-consentual surgeries on intersex children with the excuse that being intersex is a disability or disorder. Although many intersex conditions can be caused by medical disabilities, it does not mean they are medical disabilities in and of themselves. And although some intersex conditions can cause medical issues, not all of them do. Many intersex conditions are natural traits that do not need to be altered sex traits unless it is causing harm. The binary sexes (male and female) can also have health risks that are exclusive to or more likely for them. This doesn't make the sexes in of themselves to be a medical issue, and the same applies to being intersex.

Many intersex surgeries are unneeded and are purely made to push gender roles onto young children, and to satisfy the parents. Calling an intersex trait or intersex condition a disorder or disability can be considered offensive and discriminatory, especially when it does not cause any physical issues to the individual with these traits.

Other issues faced by intersex people include:

• Discrimination in sport.
• Discrimination in employment and the workplace.
• Discrimination and bullying from classmates.
• Being told a non-harmful and natural trait of their sex is a deformity or issue.
• Discrimination in religion and religious practices.

Intersex activists address issues like these and more. In 1993, Cheryl Chase announced the founding of the Intersex Society of North America, initially a support group that developed into an advocacy group on intersex issues. Since then, other organizations have been founded such as InterACT, OII Europe, and IC4E.

Intersex Spectrum

Chromosomal Variations

• 45,X/46,XY Mosaicism
• 49,XXXXY Syndrome
• De La Chapelle Syndrome
• Klinefelter Syndrome
• Pentasomy X
• Tetrasomy X
• Triple X Syndrome
• Turner Syndrome
• XYY Syndrome
• XYYY Syndrome
• XXYY Syndrome
• XXXY Syndrome

Hormonal Variations

• Aromatase Excess Syndrome
• Aromatase Deficiency
• Androgen insensitivity syndrome
• Estrogen insensitivity syndrome
• Hyperandrogenism
• Hyperestrogenism
• Hypogonadism
• Leydig Cell Hypoplasia
• PPSH

Gonadal/Reproductive System Variations

• Gonadal agenesis
• Gonadal dysgenesis
• Hypergonadism
• Müllerian Agenesis
• Ovotesticular
• PMDS
• Polyorchidism
• Uterus didelphys

Genital Variations

• Agenital
• Ambiguous Genitalia
• Clitoromegaly
• Diphallia
• Hypospadias
• Penoscrotal Transposition

Gene-Related Variations

• 17-KSR Deficiency
• Campomelic Dysplasia
• Denys-Drash Syndrome

Gland-Related Variations

• 17-AH Deficiency
• Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

Conditions that cause intersex traits:

• CHARGE Syndrome
• Chromosome 18 Ring
• Opitz G/BBB Syndrome
• Prader–Willi Syndrome
• Seaver Cassidy Syndrome

Flags and Symbols

Natalie Phox's design.

The most commonly used intersex flag was created by Morgan Carpenter in 2013. Yellow and purple were chosen for the design as alternatives to the strongly-gendered colors of blue and pink. The purple circle in the middle symbolizes "wholeness and completeness" as well as "the right to be who and how we want to be."

An alternate flag design was also made by Natalie Phox in 2009, though is flag is less commonly used. It was originally introduced as a bigender flag, but Phox later claimed that it was an intersex flag which caused confusion around the intention of the flag.

The Mercury symbol (☿) is a common intersex symbol, used as a compliment to the male and female symbols. It was originally used for hermaphroditism or to means hybrid. It depicts the staff of the Roman messenger god, based on the caduceus. The symbol is also sometimes used for non-binary people, androgyne people, genderfluid people, or gender non-conforming people.

Another intersex symbol is the astronomical symbol for Earth (ⴲ), once again chosen as a compliment to the male and female symbols, as Earth is in between Venus (female) and Mars (male). This symbol is sometimes preferable because it is only used to represent intersex people, and is not used for any other identities.

Intersex is sometimes also represented with a combination of the male and female symbols (⚥ or ⚨), though these symbols are also commonly used to represent bigender and androgyne respectively.