'''Poland Syndrome''' is a conditionsyndrome that - in some cases - may be considered an [[intersex]] conditionvariation, although many would say it ''causes'' intersex conditionstraits, rather than being one in of itself. This conditionsyndrome effects 1 in 20,000 newborns, however it is twice as common in [[CTM]] people than [[CTF]] people, for unknown reasons.
In both CTF and CTM individuals with this conditionsyndrome, secondary sex traits are heavily effected, and is one of the top symptoms of Poland Syndrome. Those with this syndrome often are born [[Secondary Sex Agenesis|without nipples, without breasts, with small breasts, and/or small nipples]]. In CTM individuals with the conditionsyndrome, [[Agenital|undescended testicles]] and [[hypospadias]] are also common.
Other symptoms include an chest abnormalities, absent fat, fused ribs, missing or short ribs, missing muscles, a high shoulder blade, an absent hand, extra fingers, abnormal fingerprints, webbed fingers, a split hand, webbed toes, vertabrae/back abnormalities, scoliosis, a high hairline, and/or diabetes.
It is important to note that not all the symptoms listed in this page are guaranteed to occur in someone with this conditionsyndrome, as someone may only experience one or several of these symptoms, yet still hold the conditionsyndrome.
== Causes ==
== History ==
This conditionsyndrome was named by Patrick Clarkson, a British plastic surgeon, in 1962. Clarkson was working at Guy's Hospital and Queen Mary's Hospital in London, when he noticed that three of his patients had both a hand deformity and an underdeveloped breast on the same side. He discussed this with his colleague at Guy's Hospital, Dr Philip Evans, who agreed that the syndrome was "not widely appreciated".
Clarkson decided to look into it, and upon doing so, found a reference to this same conditionsyndrome published by Alfred Poland in 1841 Guy's Hospital reports. This single case report wasn't enough for Poland to be able to identify it as a conditionsyndrome, however Clarkson's reports mixed with Polands certainly were, and this is what caused Clarkson to name this conditionsyndrome the 'Poland Syndrome' after the original person to discover it.
== Resources ==
|