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[[File:Gender.jpg|thumb|Another graph of the gender spectrum.]][[File:Atrinary view.png|thumb|220x220px|Another view of the gender spectrum.]] |
[[File:Gender.jpg|thumb|Another graph of the gender spectrum.]][[File:Atrinary view.png|thumb|220x220px|Another view of the gender spectrum.]] |
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[[File:Genders -).png|thumb|Another representation of the gender spectrum by Cryptocrew. The white between each color represents how any of these genders could be connected or felt at the same time.]] |
[[File:Genders -).png|thumb|Another representation of the gender spectrum by Cryptocrew. The white between each color represents how any of these genders could be connected or felt at the same time.]] |
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'''Gender''' is a social construct that refers to how one relates to the gender categories within one's society. These are often described with values such as [[masculinity]], [[femininity]], [[ |
'''Gender''' is a social construct that refers to how one relates to the gender categories within one's society. These are often described with values such as [[masculinity]], [[femininity]], [[neutral]], [[xeninity]], [[outherinity]], or [[androgyny]], and usually involves one's behaviors, attitudes, and appearance. Commonly, gender is [[Assigned Gender|assigned at birth]], based on one's [[sex]], and one is typically raised with the expectation that one will identify as that given gender. Gender can aligned with one's assigned gender ([[cisgender]]) or differ from one's assigned gender ([[transgender]]). This relationship with the assigned gender is referred to as [[gender modality]]. |
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All societies have a set of gender categories, which are typically based on a division of labor. In most societies--particularly Western societies--there is a [[Binary Genders|gender binary]], meaning two recognized genders ([[Man|men/boys]] and [[Woman|women/girls]]), and those who exist outside these categories fall under the [[umbrella term]]s [[Non-Binary|non-binary]] or [[genderqueer]]. Some societies have gender categories [[other]] than men and women, such as the [[hijra]]s of South Asia. These are often referred to as [[Third Gender|third genders]] (and fourth genders, etc.). |
All societies have a set of gender categories, which are typically based on a division of labor. In most societies--particularly Western societies--there is a [[Binary Genders|gender binary]], meaning two recognized genders ([[Man|men/boys]] and [[Woman|women/girls]]), and those who exist outside these categories fall under the [[umbrella term]]s [[Non-Binary|non-binary]] or [[genderqueer]]. Some societies have gender categories [[other]] than men and women, such as the [[hijra]]s of South Asia. These are often referred to as [[Third Gender|third genders]] (and fourth genders, etc.). |
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Gender often has some relation to [[Gender Presentation|gender expression]], although gender presentation does not have to strictly correlate with gender ([[Gender Non-Conforming|gender non-conforming]]). [[Pronouns]] also typically have some relation to [[Gender Identity|gender identity]] or [[Gender Presentation|gender expression]], but do not have to. |
Gender often has some relation to [[Gender Presentation|gender expression]], although gender presentation does not have to strictly correlate with gender ([[Gender Non-Conforming|gender non-conforming]]). [[Pronouns]] also typically have some relation to [[Gender Identity|gender identity]] or [[Gender Presentation|gender expression]], but do not have to. |
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==Gender vs Sex== |
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[[Sex]] is a biological value, generally determined by genitalia, hormones, and/or chromosomes. Genitalia is typically the basis for one's assigned gender at birth. For example, a individual with a penis is generally [[AMAB|assigned male at birth]] and is typically raised with the expectation that they will identify as male. If one's sex characteristics differ from male or female, it is known as [[intersex]]. |
[[Sex]] is a biological value, generally determined by genitalia, hormones, and/or chromosomes. Genitalia is typically the basis for one's assigned gender at birth. For example, a individual with a penis is generally [[AMAB|assigned male at birth]] and is typically raised with the expectation that they will identify as male. If one's sex characteristics differ from male or female, it is known as [[intersex]]. |
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It is generally accepted that sex refers to one's physically characteristics, while gender refers to one's internal sense of identity and relation to the gender roles in one's society. Sex and gender do not have to align. |
It is generally accepted that sex refers to one's physically characteristics, while gender refers to one's internal sense of identity and relation to the gender roles in one's society. Sex and gender do not have to align. |
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==History == |
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[[File:Gender cake.png|thumb|Gender cake<ref>https://www.deviantart.com/cari-rez-lobo/art/Colorful-Gender-Cake-486056234</ref>]] |
[[File:Gender cake.png|thumb|Gender cake<ref>https://www.deviantart.com/cari-rez-lobo/art/Colorful-Gender-Cake-486056234</ref>]] |
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The concept of gender, in the modern sense, is a recent invention. The ancient world had no basis of understanding gender as it has been understood in the humanities and social sciences for the past few decades. In many societies there was no distinction between sex and gender, so "sex" was used to refer to either. |
The concept of gender, in the modern sense, is a recent invention. The ancient world had no basis of understanding gender as it has been understood in the humanities and social sciences for the past few decades. In many societies there was no distinction between sex and gender, so "sex" was used to refer to either. |
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In some contexts, the two words are still used interchangeably, such as with non-human animals. For instance, in 1993, the US FDA started to use gender instead of sex for animals.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150406164205/https://www.fda.gov/downloads/RegulatoryInformation/Guidances/UCM126835.pdf</ref> Later, in 2011, the FDA reversed its position and began using sex as the biological classification.<ref>https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/guidance-documents-medical-devices-and-radiation-emitting-products/evaluation-sex-specific-data-medical-device-clinical-studies-guidance-industry-and-food-and-drug</ref> In legal cases alleging discrimination, sex is usually preferred as the determining factor rather than gender, as it refers to biology rather than socially constructed norms which are more open to interpretation and dispute. |
In some contexts, the two words are still used interchangeably, such as with non-human animals. For instance, in 1993, the US FDA started to use gender instead of sex for animals.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150406164205/https://www.fda.gov/downloads/RegulatoryInformation/Guidances/UCM126835.pdf</ref> Later, in 2011, the FDA reversed its position and began using sex as the biological classification.<ref>https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/guidance-documents-medical-devices-and-radiation-emitting-products/evaluation-sex-specific-data-medical-device-clinical-studies-guidance-industry-and-food-and-drug</ref> In legal cases alleging discrimination, sex is usually preferred as the determining factor rather than gender, as it refers to biology rather than socially constructed norms which are more open to interpretation and dispute. |
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== How many genders? |
== How many genders?== |
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Gender is a infinitely large spectrum, with many positions and identities. A simple way of looking at it is male, female, and everything in between ([[androgyne]]). For example, [[demiboy]]s are slightly, but not fully men. Androgyne individuals are in between or simultaneously men and women. However, this model is still flawed as it does not encompass the full range of potential gender experiences, such as [[abinary]] and [[atrinary]] genders. |
Gender is a infinitely large spectrum, with many positions and identities. A simple way of looking at it is male, female, and everything in between ([[androgyne]]). For example, [[demiboy]]s are slightly, but not fully men. Androgyne individuals are in between or simultaneously men and women. However, this model is still flawed as it does not encompass the full range of potential gender experiences, such as [[abinary]] and [[atrinary]] genders. |
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