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[[File:Bissu.png|thumb|220x220px|The bissu flag.]] |
[[File:Bissu.png|thumb|220x220px|The bissu flag.]] |
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'''Bissu''' is a gender from the Bugis culture of South Sulawesi, in southern Indonesia. Bissu are often called "gender-transcendent" or "[[Metagender|meta-gender]]" and represent all aspects of gender combined to form a whole within Bugis society. Many, but not all Bissu are [[intersex]]. Bissu play an important role in religious ceremonies, they act as priests, give blessings, giving guidance, and are seen as intermediaries between the people and the spirit world.<ref name=":0">Mark Anderson (2016-08-15). [https://learn.akkadium.com/beyond-binary-five-genders-of-the-bugis/ "Beyond Binary: Five genders of the Bugis"]. Akkadium College. Retrieved 2021-12-05.</ref> In daily social life bissu may enter the dwelling places and the villages of both men and women<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_in_Bugis_society#Bissu</ref>. |
'''Bissu''' is a gender from the Bugis culture of South Sulawesi, in southern Indonesia. Bissu are often called "gender-transcendent" or "[[Metagender|meta-gender]]" and represent all aspects of gender combined to form a whole within Bugis society.<ref name=":4">Sharyn Graham (2001). [https://www.insideindonesia.org/sulawesis-fifth-gender Sulawesi's fifth gender]. ''Inside Indonesia.'' 66: Apr-Jun. Retrieved December 05, 2021.</ref> Many, but not all Bissu are [[intersex]]. Bissu play an important role in religious ceremonies, they act as priests, give blessings, giving guidance, and are seen as intermediaries between the people and the spirit world.<ref name=":0">Mark Anderson (2016-08-15). [https://learn.akkadium.com/beyond-binary-five-genders-of-the-bugis/ "Beyond Binary: Five genders of the Bugis"]. Akkadium College. Retrieved 2021-12-05.</ref> In daily social life bissu may enter the dwelling places and the villages of both men and women<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_in_Bugis_society#Bissu</ref>. |
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For hundreds of years, the Bugis people recognized five genders, the other four are: ''oroane'' (similar to [[cisgender]] men), ''makkunrai'' (similar to cisgender women), ''[[calabai]]'' (similar to [[transgender]] women, but not the same), and ''[[calalai]]'' (similar to transgender men, but not the same), which combine to form the "meta-gender" of bissu.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">[https://slashqueer.com/the-bugis-of-indonesia-english-dubbed-transcript "The Bugis of Indonesia ENGLISH DUBBED- Transcript"]. /Queer. Retrieved January 1, 2021.</ref><ref name=":2">Sharyn Graham. (November 2011). Sex, Gender, and Priests in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. https://www.fon.hum.uva.nl/archive/CeciliaOde/IIAS_NL29_FULL.pdf International Institute for Asian Studies Newsletter (29: Asian Homosexualities), page 27. Accessed 2021-12-02</ref> These genders are still recognized by many Bugis people. The Bugis have syncretized many pre-Islamic beliefs with Islam. As such, the Bissu have a role in Islam within Bugis society, such as performing blessings for people before they make pilgramages to Mecca.<ref name=":2" /> It is believed that all five genders are essential for the sake of balance and harmony in Bugis society.<ref name=":0" /> |
For hundreds of years, the Bugis people recognized five genders, the other four are: ''oroane'' (similar to [[cisgender]] men), ''makkunrai'' (similar to cisgender women), ''[[calabai]]'' (similar to [[transgender]] women, but not the same), and ''[[calalai]]'' (similar to transgender men, but not the same), which combine to form the "meta-gender" of bissu.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">[https://slashqueer.com/the-bugis-of-indonesia-english-dubbed-transcript "The Bugis of Indonesia ENGLISH DUBBED- Transcript"]. /Queer. Retrieved January 1, 2021.</ref><ref name=":2">Sharyn Graham. (November 2011). Sex, Gender, and Priests in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. https://www.fon.hum.uva.nl/archive/CeciliaOde/IIAS_NL29_FULL.pdf International Institute for Asian Studies Newsletter (29: Asian Homosexualities), page 27. Accessed 2021-12-02</ref> These genders are still recognized by many Bugis people. The Bugis have syncretized many pre-Islamic beliefs with Islam. As such, the Bissu have a role in Islam within Bugis society, such as performing blessings for people before they make pilgramages to Mecca.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":2" /> It is believed that all five genders are essential for the sake of balance and harmony in Bugis society.<ref name=":0" /> |
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== History == |
== History == |
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