Turner Syndrome

Turner Syndrome (TS) or 45,X is an intersex condition affecting approximately one out of every 2,500 people assigned female at birth. It is a chromosomal condition where one has only a single X chromosome, rather then XX or XY. Symptoms can include short height, slowed growth, a web neck, low hairline at the back of the neck, and other physical characteristics. Heart defects, kidney problems, and autoimmune disorders also are not uncommon in those with Turner syndrome. In some cases ovaries fail to develop. In many cases, but not all, those with Turner syndrome do not go through puberty or have delayed puberty. They may also experience an early end to puberty or menstrual cycles. Those with mild symptoms may not be diagnosed until they are a teenager or young adult.

History
The history of Turner syndrome began in 1938, when Henry Turner described seven patients between the ages of 15 - 23, who were referred to him for dwarfism and lack of sexual development. He treated them with pituitary extracts, but it was ineffective.

Since then, many studies have evaluated Turner syndrome in greater detail and added to our knowledge of the syndrome. An international multidisciplinary workshop was convened in March 2000, in Naples, Italy, in conjunction with the Fifth International Symposium on Turner Syndrome, to update the comprehensive recommendations on the diagnosis of Turner syndrome that were originally published in 1994.

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Resources
https://www.medscape.org/viewarticle/445555#:~:text=The%20history%20of%20Turner%20syndrome,extracts%2C%20but%20they%20were%20ineffective.