Bear

Bear is a subcultural term used primarily by gay men, referring to a subset of men who embrace and subvert traditional masculinity and defy the stereotypes typically applied to gay men, who are usually seen as feminine due to their attraction to men. Bears may be defined by physical appearance, tastes, expression of traditionally gendered traits, or personal affiliation.

The generic image of a bear is a larger man with a hairy body, usually having facial hair and dressing in a typically masculine way. Bears tend to project the aesthetics of working-class manhood in their choices of self-expression, particularly through their personal grooming and appearance. Often, bear culture is associated with the rural gay community, in which the idea of rugged traditional masculinity is considered both an ideal and a defiance of gay stereotyping that tends to portray gay men as overwhelmingly thin, white, exceptionally well-groomed, lacking in facial and body hair, and averse to physical exertion.

The bear subculture celebrates such masculine traits while queering masculinity through the reputation of bears being affectionate, similar to how femme lesbians defy the heterocentric stereotype of lesbians being masculine by necessity and instead queer femininity.

The bear subculture is not a furry subculture.

Culture
Bear culture originated in San Francisco in the 1980s. Developing from the romanticization of the solitary nature of working-class manhood (seen in the homoerotic conception of lumberjacks, for example) as well as a response to the expectations of cruising culture, bear culture was solidified in the growth of the gay bar scene and biker communities. Bears created in-groups from these spaces, referred to as “bear clubs.” The main reason behind the development of the bear identity was firmly rooted in isolation from mainstream gay culture, which at the time celebrated urban, middle-class gays who fit the physical description of twinks (i.e. young, thin, hairless, and effeminate). In addition, the need to provide a community for lower-class men and those from rural areas, who did not identify with or have access to the idealized city gay community and lifestyle, was urgent.

Bear physicality originally referred to larger, heavy-set cisgender men men who were middle-aged. At first, the assumption was that most bears were gay men. However, bi men have historically been at the front of bear culture alongside gay men. Since the 2000s, new terms have emerged to describe a variety of bears. Some terms that are in use include


 * Cubs, younger bears
 * Muscle bears, bears who are generally extremely fit and hairy
 * Leather bears, bears who may be more involved in leather and BDSM cultures than the average bear
 * Ursulas, historically lesbears, who are sapphic women or women-aligned people who are generally hairier and heavy-set
 * Femme bears, queer femme people with the typical characteristics of a bear
 * Trans bears, achillean transmasculine people who are hairier and heavy

Some communities use more specific terminology to encompass men who may not be able to fit the general physical stereotype of a 'bear' and to make clear their inclusion in the community, such as "polar bear" for older men. However, the use of racialized terms for non-white bears, such as "panda bear" for East-Asian men, has come under scrutiny amongst bears. Some heavy-set hairy men attracted to men may not identify with the term bear or else refer to themselves as “post bears” or “ex-bears.”

Flag
The bear flag consists of seven stripes in various shades of brown and gold, with a bear’s pawprint in black in the upper left quadrant. The colors are designed to reflect different real-world species of bears and thus celebrate the diversity of men encompassed in the bear community, emphasizing its origins as the other side of the exclusive urban gay culture.

It was designed in 1995 by Craig Byrnes, who had spent extensive time producing a project about the bear community and wanted a flag to include in his research. After creating four prototypes, he attended a local Chesapeake Bay Bears event and asked attendees to vote for their favorite design, determining the design of the International Bear Brotherhood Flag still in use.